Teratology Teratology Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development, often focusing on congenital abnormalities and birth defects. 1 / 10 Which of the following congenital anomalies is associated with maternal use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy? Renal dysplasia Craniosynostosis Limb reduction defects Patent ductus arteriosus 2 / 10 Which of the following is considered a preventive measure to reduce the risk of congenital rubella syndrome? Avoiding raw or undercooked meat during pregnancy Vaccination with the MMR vaccine before pregnancy Supplementation with high-dose vitamin A during pregnancy Routine ultrasound screening for fetal anomalies 3 / 10 Maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of which congenital anomaly? Gastroschisis Ventricular septal defect Spina bifida Sacral agenesis 4 / 10 Which of the following teratogenic agents is known to cause microcephaly, intellectual disability, and facial dysmorphisms in the fetus? Phenytoin Isotretinoin Alcohol Valproic acid 5 / 10 ethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure in utero has been linked to which of the following conditions in female offspring? Breast cancer Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Endometriosis 6 / 10 Which of the following maternal infections is most strongly associated with congenital cataracts in the newborn? Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Toxoplasmosis Rubella Herpes simplex virus 7 / 10 Which period of gestation is considered the most critical for the development of major structural anomalies due to teratogenic exposure? Preimplantation (0-2 weeks) Embryonic period (3-8 weeks) Fetal period (9 weeks to birth) Perinatal period 8 / 10 Which of the following mechanisms is most commonly associated with teratogenic effects during the first trimester of pregnancy? Direct DNA damage and mutations Disruption of cell migration and differentiation Impaired placental function leading to hypoxia Immune-mediated destruction of fetal tissues 9 / 10 Thalidomide, a drug used in the 1950s and 1960s, was found to cause severe congenital deformities. Which of the following was the most common malformation associated with thalidomide exposure? Anencephaly Phocomelia (limb defects) Cleft palate Microcephaly 10 / 10 Which of the following is considered a major teratogen that can cause neural tube defects in a developing fetus? Folate deficiency Alcohol consumption Ionizing radiation Rubella infection Your score isThe average score is 0% 0% Restart quiz
