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Quiz Topics:
- Neuron Structure and Impulse Conduction:
- Key Components: Dendrites (receiving), Axon (conducting), Nissl Granules.
- Resting Potential: Na+/K+ Pump (3 Na+ out/2 K+ in).
- Conduction Speed: Myelin Sheath and Saltatory Conduction via Nodes of Ranvier.
- CNS Anatomy and Physiology:
- Hypothalamus: Homeostasis (Temperature, Thirst, Hunger), Neuroendocrine Link
- Pituitary & Hypothalamic Hormones:
- Neurohypophysis (Posterior Pituitary): Oxytocin (Milk Ejection), Vasopressin (ADH) (Water Reabsorption).
- Adenohypophysis (Anterior Pituitary): Tropic Hormones (ACTH, TSH, LH, FSH).
- Disorders: Gigantism, Dwarfism, Diabetes Insipidus (ADH Deficiency).
- Thyroid and Ca2+ Regulation:
- Thyroid Hormones (T3/T4): BMR Regulation, CNS Maturation.
- Disorders: Cretinism, Myxoedema, Graves′ Disease (Hyperthyroidism).
- Ca2+ Homeostasis: PTH (Hypercalcemic), Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) (Hypocalcemic).
- Adrenal and Pancreatic Hormones:
- Adrenal Medulla: Catecholamines (Adrenaline/Noradrenaline) → ‘Fight or Flight’.
- Adrenal Cortex: Glucocorticoids (Cortisol→Anti-inflammatory, Gluconeogenesis), Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone→Na+/K+ Balance).
- Pancreas: Insulin (Hypoglycemic), Glucagon (Hyperglycemic), Diabetes Mellitus.
- Hormone Action Mechanisms:
- Protein/Peptide Hormones: Membrane Receptors, Second Messengers (cAMP).
- Steroid/Thyroid Hormones: Intracellular Receptors, HRC, Gene Expression Regulation.