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Quiz Question count : 30 (each try)
Total Questions under the topic: 90
- Cell Theory & Origin of Cells: Includes questions on Schleiden, Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow’s contributions, emphasizing “Omnis cellula e cellula” and the distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- Prokaryotic Cell Structure: Tests knowledge of cell wall (peptidoglycan composition), glycocalyx, flagella, pili, plasma membrane, and mesosomes (involved in respiration, DNA replication, and cell wall formation).
- Eukaryotic Cell Structure: Focuses on membrane-bound organelles such as nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum (RER & SER), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, plastids, and cytoskeleton.
- Nucleus & Chromatin: Covers nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, chromatin organization (DNA + histone proteins), and differentiation between heterochromatin and euchromatin.
- Endomembrane System: Explores the RER–Golgi–Lysosome–Vacuole interconnection, and their coordinated roles in protein synthesis, packaging, secretion, and intracellular digestion.
Cell Organelles & Their Functions:
- Mitochondria – site of ATP synthesis and cellular respiration, with cristae and matrix details.
- Chloroplasts – photosynthetic organelle with thylakoid membranes, grana, and stroma, containing chlorophyll pigments.
- Lysosomes – suicidal bags containing acid hydrolases for intracellular digestion.
- Peroxisomes and Glyoxysomes – involved in oxidation reactions and fat metabolism in germinating seeds.
- Golgi Complex – functions in modification, packaging, and secretion of proteins and lipids.
- Cytoskeleton: Focus on microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments made of tubulin and actin proteins for cell shape and motility.
- Centrosome & Centrioles: Details on 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubules, spindle fiber formation, and cell division.
- Ribosomes: Includes 70S ribosomes (prokaryotic) and 80S ribosomes (eukaryotic) with 60S + 40S and 50S + 30S subunits, respectively.
- Plastids: Questions on chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts (amyloplast, elaioplast, aleuroplast) and their respective functions.
- Cell Wall & Plasma Membrane: Tests understanding of primary and secondary cell wall composition (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin), plasmodesmata, and fluid mosaic model of membranes (Singer & Nicolson, 1972).
- Cell Junctions: Emphasizes tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes, crucial for cell communication and adhesion.
- Cellular Energy & Storage: Explores ATP synthesis, glycogen storage, and lipid droplet formation.